Turbine.



.E. F. RAAB.

TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 22, 1907.

Patented Sept. 28, 1909. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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E. F. RAAB.

TURBINE. V APPLICATION FILED JAN. 22, 1907.

Patented Sept.28,1909.

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EUGENE FELICIEN RAAB, OF LEVALLOIS-PERRET, FRANCE.

TURBINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EUGENE FiLroinN Rxxn, a citlzen of the FrenchRepublic, and

a resident of Levallois-Perret, Seine, France,

have invented certain Improvements in l luid-Pressure Turbines, of whichthe following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to provide an improved turbine driven bysteam, compressed air or other elastic fluid.

The invention applies to turbines working with single or multipleexpansion, that is to say of the single or multi-stage type, and whereinthe fluid circulates parallel to the shaft in directing passages orrings of directing buckets and in the rings of working buckets.

The invention consists in substance in keying or securing on the turbineshaft one or more rotating drums or wheels carrying or each carrying twoseries or sets of rings of helicoidal buckets said sets being adapted todrive the turbine in opposite directions, the buckets of adjacent ringsbeing disposed alternately, that is to say, set in opposite directions,these rings of buckets being supplied with motive fluid by two series orsets of rings of fixed helicoidal distributing and directing buckets,the buckets of adjacent rings of these latter being likewise oppositelydirected. According to the direction in which the turbine is to run, themotive fluid is led to one or other of these sets of fixed rings througha suitable arrangement of passages and partitions in such manner as todrive the shaft forward or backward. The supply of the motive fluid tothe one or other of the systems of directing buckets can be controlledby a suitable distributer or device adapted to intercept the flow of thefluid to one of the systems directing buckets while leaving it free tothe other and conversely.

In order to illustrate the invention I will describe by way of exampleand with refer- F ence to the accompanying drawings one form ofreversible steam turbine constructed in accordance with the invention.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section on the line of the shaft of theturbine. Fi 2 is an end elevation showing the steam distributing plateand the annular arrangement of two sets of rings of buckets. Fig. 3 is across section of the turbine drum or runner on line X-X. Fig. at is aview showing a set of rings of directing and working buckets for reverserunning. Fig. 5 is a view show- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January 22, 1907.

Patented Sept. 28, 1909. Serial No. 352,574.

ing a set of rings of directing and working buckets for forward running.

In this example of turbine the steam can be admitted through ports orpassages in a distributing plate 1 fixed on the exhaust box or casing 2into two annular expansion chambers 13 and 14 opening respectively on totwo rings or sets of fixed buckets l5 and 17 the buckets of these ringsbeing oppositely directed with respect to each other. Two other rings offixed bucket-s concentric with the two first mentioned and having theirbuckets set in corresponding directions to those of the two first namedrings are provided.

The distributer plate 1 is formed at the center with a steam admissioncylinder 3 in which works a slide valve, piston or the like 4 providedwith openings adapted to open and close the proper series of a number ofpassages 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, in the distributer plate 1 accordingto the direction in which the turbine is to run. These passages are indirect communication with the annular expansion chambers 13, 14.

The fixed distributer plate 1 is fitted inside with the two sets ofrings of fixed directing buckets 15, 16 and 17, 18 these rings beingrespectively disposed in the concentric annular expansion chambers 14:and 19 and 13, 20.

The rotating member or runner consists of a cylindrical drum 21 fittedwith two sets of rings of receiving working buckets, 22 these ringsbeing respectively disposed or working in the four chambers 26-27 and2829 and the buckets of the respective sets are arranged in oppositedirections so that the one set shall serve for forward and the other forbackward working. The said central drum 21 keyed on the turbine shaft 30mounted in suitable bearings for example the ball bearings 31, 32. Thesets of rings of working buckets correspond respectively with the setsof rings of directing buckets and their buckets are properly set forthis purpose.

The steam passing through the directing buckets of the distributor plate1 acts on the working buckets of the drum 21 and impel the turbine shaft80.

The first set of rings of directing buckets 15, 16 and the correspondingrings of work ing buckets 22, 23 (Figs. 1, 4: and serve for forwardrunning while the second set of rings of directing buckets 17, 1S andthe corresponding rings of working buckets 2 1, (Figs. l, %land whichare oppositely directed to those ot the lirst pair, serve tor backwardrunning.

According as it desired to drive forward or backward the piston or valve4t above mentioned will be moved in the admission cylinder 3 so as toadmit either into the passages 5, 7, t) and it in the distributor plate,1 tor forward working or into the passages (S, 8, l0 and 12 ot thedistributor plate for backward running; the steam will thus travel asindicated by the full line arrows u tor forward running and as indicatedby the dotted arrows 7) tor backward running. With this object theturbine drum 21 and the distributer plate .1 are provided with asuitable arrangement of partitions or the like so that the steam shallonly be supplied to the rings of directing and working buckets which areto act tor the tmrticular direction of running.

It is to be understood that any suitable number o'l rings ot working andtixed buckets may be employed, provided the buckets of the guiding andworking rings for forward working are oppositely set to those of therings tor backward running.

\Vhat I claim and desire to secure by Let ters Patentis:

'l. A reversible fluid turbine comprising a runner having bucketsarranged in two groups, each group comprising a plurality of annularseries, one within the other the buckets of the respective groups beingoppositely directed, and the annular series 0t one group alternatingbetween the annular series of the other group and controllable means torsupplying tiuid under tension to the buckets ot the l'USPttft'lVtigroups, whereby such fluid may be supplied to the buckets of one groupto compel movement of the runner in one direction, or to the buckets ofthe other group to compel reverse movement of said runner.

A reversible [laid turbine comprising a runner having buckets arrangedin two groups, each group comprising a plurality of annular series, onewithin the other, the buckets of the respective groups being oppositelydirected, and the annular series of one group alternating between theannular series of the other group, a stationary distributing elementhaving directing channels arranged in two groups, each group comprisinga plurality o't annular series, one within the other, the said serieso'l directing channels being, respectively, arranged alongside of andoppositely directed to the respective groups of buckets ot the runner,and being adapted to discharge fluid under tension thereto, andcontrollable means for supplying such fluid to the respective groups o'ldirecting channels, whereby such lluid may be discharged from thechannels of one group upon one group of buckets of the runner to compelmovement of said runner in one direction, or from the channels ot theother group upon the corresponding buckets of the runner to compelreverse movement of said runner.

3. A reversible tluid turbine comprising a runner having bucketsarranged in two concentric annular groups, each ot'which comprises aplurality of annular series o'l buckets, the annular series of bucketsin one group alternating between the annular series of the other group,and the buckets ot the respective groups being oppositely directed,buckets of the respective series in each group being of capacitiesgradually increasing trom the innermost to the outermost series, astationary distributer element having directing passages arranged in twoconcentric annular groups each comprising a plurality of annular seriesof passages alongside of and oppositely directed to the buckets o'l oneof the respective groups of the runner, controllable means for supplyingtluid under tension to the .ii'inermost series of directing passages ofthe respective groups of the distributer element, and means forsupplying the tluid discharged from the buckets of the innermost seriesof the respective groups of the runner to the outer series of thecorresponding groups of directing passages of the distributer element.

'-l-. A'reversible tluid turbine comprising a runner having buckets intwo groups, each group comprising a plurality of annular series ofbuckets, the buckets of the several series in each group being ofcapacities gradually increasing trom the innermost to toe outermost, theannular series of one group alternating between the annular series ofthe other group, and the buckets of the respective groups beingoppositely directed, and controllable means for supplying tluid undertension to the buckets of the respective groups, whereby such tluid maybe supplied to the buckets of one group to compel movement of the runnerin one direction, and to the buckets of the other group to compelreverse mo-vt-anent ot the runner.

A reversible fluid turbine having a run ner provided with buckets in twogroups, each group comprisii'ig a plurality of annular series otbuckets, one within the other, the buckets of the respective groupsbeing oppositely directed, and the annular series of one groupalternating between the annu lar series of the other group, controllablemeans tor supplying tluid under tension to the initial series of bucketsin each of said respective groups, and means connected with each groupof buckets for directing the tlnid passing one series of the bucketscomprised in such group to the next adjacent series of buckets in thesame group.

6. A reversible tluid turbine having a runner provided with buckets intwo groups, each group comprising a plurality of annular series ofbuckets, one within the other, the. buckets of the respective groupsbeing oppositely directed, the annular series of one group alternatingbetween the annular series of the other group, and the buckets of theseveral series in each group being of capacities gradually increasingfrom the innermost to the outermost series, controllable means forsupplying fluid under tension to the initial series of buckets in eachof said respective groups, and means connected with each group ofbuckets for directing the fluid passing one series of the bucketscomprised in such group to the next adjacent series of buckets in thesame group.

7. A reversible fluid turbine having a runner provided with buckets intwo groups, each group comprising a plurality of annular series ofbuckets, one Within the other, the buckets of the respective groupsbeing oppositely directed, and the annular series of one groupalternating between the annular series of the other group, controllablemeans for supplying fluid under tension to the ini tial series ofbuckets in each of said respective groups, passages produced in therunner and connected with the respective groups of buckets and eachadapted to receive fluid passing one series of buckets in one of therespective groups, and means for directing the fluid from each suchpassage to the next adjacent series of buckets in the correspondinggroup.

8. A reversible fluid turbine having a runner provided with buckets intwo groups, each group comprising a plurality of annular series ofbuckets, one within the other, the buckets of the respective groupsbeing oppositely directed, and the buckets of the several series in eachgroup being of capaci ties gradually increasing from the innermost tothe outermost series, controllable means for supplying fluid undertension to the initial series of buckets in each of said respectivegroups, passages produced in the runner and connected with therespective groups of buckets and each adapted to receive fluid passingone series of buckets in one of the respective groups, and means fordirecting the fluid from each such passage to the next adjacent seriesof buckets in the corresponding group.

9. A reversible fluid turbine having a runner provided with buckets intwo groups, each group comprising a plurality of annular series ofbuckets, one within the other, the buckets of the respective groupsbeing oppositely directed, and the annular series of one groupalternating between the annular series of the other group, and thebuckets of one series in each group being of greater capacity thananother series in the same group, controllable means for supplying fluidg under tension to the buckets of least capacity in each group, andmeans connected with each group of buckets for directing the fluidpassing one series of the buckets comprised in such group to a series ofbuckets of greater capacity in the same group.

10. A reversible fluid turbine having a runner provided with buckets intwo groups, each group comprising a plurality of annular series ofbuckets, one within the other, the buckets of the respective groupsbeing oppositely directed, and the buckets of one series iireacli groupbeing of greater capacity than another series in the same group,controllable means for supplying fluid under tension to the buckets ofleast capacity in each group, passages produced in the runner andconnected with the respective groups of buckets and each adapted toreceive fluid passing one series of buckets in one of the respectivegroups, and means for directing the fluid from each such passage to aseries of buckets of greater capacity in the same group.

11. A reversible fluid turbine having a runner provided with buckets intwo groups, each group comprising a plurality of annular concentricseries of buckets, the buckets of the respective groups being oppositelydirected, distributing means comprising directing channels in two groupseach comprising a plurality of concentric annular series, the series ofdirecting channels of each group being, respectively, alongside of andoppositely directed to the series of buckets in one of the respectivegroups of the runner and being adapted to discharge fluid under tensionthereto, controllable means for supplying fluid under tension to aninitial series in each group of directing channels and means connectedwith each group of buckets for directing the fluid passing one series ofbuckets in such group to the directing channels opposite to the nextadjacent series of buckets in the same group.

12. A reversible fluid turbine having a runner provided with buckets intwo groups, each group comprising a plurality of annular concentricseries of buckets, the buckets of the respective groups being oppositelydirected, distributing means comprising directing channels in two groupseach comprising a plurality of concentric annular series of channels,the series of directing channels of each of the respective groups beingalongside of and oppositely directed to the series of buckets in one ofthe respective groups of the runner and being adapted to discharge fluidunder tension thereto, controllable means for supplying such fluid under tension to an initial series of directing channels of thedistributing means, passages produced in the runner and connected withthe respective groups of buckets and each adapted to receive fluidpassing one series of buckets in one of the respective groups, and meansfor supplying the fluid from each such passage to the directing channelsopposite to the next adjacentseries of buckets in the same group.

13. A reversible fluid turbine having a runner provided with buckets intwo groups, each group comprising a plurality of annular concentricseries of buckets, the buckets of the respective groups being oppositelydirected, and the buckets of one series in each group being of greatercapacity than another series in the same group, distributing meanshaving directing channels in two groups each comprising a plurality ofannular series of channels concentric with each other, the series ofdirecting channels in each group of the distributing means beingalongside of and oppositely directed to the series of buckets in one ofthe respective groups of the runner and being adapted to discharge fluidunder tension thereto, controllable means for supplying fluid undertension through one series of directing channels in each group to thebuckets of least capacity in each group of the runner, and meansconnected with each group of buckets for directing the fluid. passingone series of buckets in such group to the directing channels oppositeto a series of buckets of greater capacity in the same group.

ll. A reversible fluid turbine having a runner provided with buckets intwo groups, each group comprising a plurality of annular concentricseries of buckets, the buckets ot the respective groups being oppositelydirected and the buckets of one series in each group being of greatercapacity than another series in the same group, distributing meanshaving directing channels in two groups each comprising a plurality ofconcentric series of channels, the series of directing channels in eachgroup of the distributing means being alongside of and oppositelydirected to the series of buckets in one of the respective groups of therunner and being adapted to discharge fluid under tension. thereto,controllable means for supplying fluid under tension, through one seriesof directing channels in each group to the buckets of least capacity ineach group of the runner, passages produced in the runner and connectedwith the respective groups of buckets and each adapted to receive fluidpassing one series of buckets in one of the respective groups, and meansfor supplying the fluid from each such passage to the directing channelsof the distributing means which are opposite to a series of buckets ofgreater capacity in the same group.

15. A reversible fluid pressure turbine with multiple expansioncomprising two drums arranged within each other, one of which carriestwo series or sets of annular bucket rings, the outer drum carrying thetwo series or sets of stationary directing bucket rings fixed in saiddrum and the inner movable drum carrying the two series or sets ofreceiving bucket rings which are also lixed within the said drum, thesaid series being set in opposite directions, the pressure fluid beingadmitted directly by means of a throttle valve int-o the respectiveexpansion chambers, thus expanding through a series of directing bucketsfor producing power on one of the series of respective receiving bucketswhence it escapes and is directed through the corresponding passagesarranged within the movable drum to further expand through a secondseries of directing buckets corresponding to the first series, and soon, that is, to expand down as necessary to the extreme elasticity ofthe fluid.

1. (S. A reversible fluid pressure turbine with multiple expansion,comprising two cylinders arranged within each other, each of whichcarries two series or sets of annular bucket rings, the respectivebucket rings being set in opposite directions, a stationary distributerplate carrying at the center a fluid admission slide valve having twoseparate series of supply ports or passages ending within two series ofannular expansion chambers provided within the outer drum and connectingdirectly with both series of directing buckets, which cause the fluid toexpand about their periphery upon both series or sets of receivingbuckets of the movable drum, for causing the rotation of the said drumin one direction or the other when the fluid is admitted through therespective admission ports into the other series ot correspondingannular expansion chambers.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 20th day ofDecember 1906, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EUGENE FELICIEH Rial).

Vitnesses;

H. Coxn, Gxmu m. llmmu an.

